Valve



2 Sheets- Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

B. H. WEATHBRHEAD.

VALVE.

Patented Oct. 7, 1890.

WITNESSES, 72 \S M mm.

f dgdf/tflfir a INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

2 D A E H R E I H w A E V H H Patented Oct. '7, 1890.

m m J. W

WITNESSES,

A TTORNE Y.

n. wnsnmaron, o. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE;

EDWARD II. \VEATIIERHEAD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

VALVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,806, dated October'7, 1890.

Application filed July 11, 1889. Serial No. 317,224. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD I-I. WEATHER- HEAD, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State ofOhio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Valves; and Ido herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention,which will enable others skilled in the artto which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in valves; and the object of theinvention is to provide valve mechanism whereby the flow of any fluidunder pressure maybe automatically directed and controlled.

To this end the invention consists in the construction and arrangementof parts, substantially as shown and described, and particularly pointedout in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevationof one form of the apparatus, showing what may be termed a single-actingvalve. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the same device, showingthe valve in the reverse position from Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail viewof the valvetube, partly in section, and showing its position whendischarging from beneath the piston to permit the valve to descend. Fig.4 is a cross-section of the device on line a: 03, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is avertical central section of a double-acting valve similar in principleof construction and operation to the device shown in the precedingfigures. Fig. 6 is a similar view with a diiferent portion of the parts.Fig. 7 shows the lever mechanism used.

In Figs. 1 to at the apparatus is shown in connection with what may betermed a hydraulic air-pump, whereby hydraulic pressure serves to forceair in a compressed state into any attached receptacle, chamber, or thelike, and the water acts only on one side of the compression-plunger. Inthe remaining figures the Water passing through the apparatus may act oneither side of an associated piston, according to the position of theparts, and this piston has a rod which may operate acompression-plunger, as in the first instance, or serve some otherpurpose. In either case any fluid-as water, steam, gas, or the like maybe employed, and the pressure thus afforded may be taken off to pumpair, water,

gas, or other fluid, or to do other work to which it is adapted.

I11 the several drawings, A represents the valve-casing, which may bemade in as many parts as convenience shall dictate.

The several views, except Fig.7, are drawn to full working size, but maybe made larger or smaller, according to the special work to be done.

Above the casing A in Figs. 1 to 4 is the compression-cylinder B, brokenout centrally in Fig. 1 to bring the view within the limits of thedrawing. In this cylinder is a plunger 0, against which the water actsat the bottom and before which the air is forced out through nozzle b,as is common in this art.

Any suitable construction of cylinderB and plunger may be employed,these parts forming no essential part of this invention and servingmerely to show one method of operation in which my improved valve isemployed.

Assuming now that I have fluid under pressure and I desire to impartthis pressure to the plunger 0 and to automatically charge and dischargethe cylinder B beneath said plunger, the case A is provided with aninlet-port a, which admits the fluid to the differential chamber withinthe case. Just above the inlet-port a belt a is formed in the easing andseparated from the chamber by a wall a having perforations or openings athrough which fluid is free to pass into the said belt. From the belt aextends a series of vertical passages or ductsone or morewhich open intothe cylinder B, so that when the valve and other parts are in theposition shown in Fig. 1 the fluid is free to pass to the cylinder Bthrough the channel above described, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1.Meantime the fluid has also a downward course, so as to prepare theparts for the reverse movement when such movement should occur. Themechanism for this and other purposes consists in a valve D, fittingclosely in the narrower portion of the chamber of the casing andprovided with a hollow neck 01, connecting a piston D, working in thewider portion of the chamber in the bottom of casing A. The valve andpiston are packed fluid-tight both within and without, so that no fluidcan pass except through the channels provided for that purpose.Extending through the neck of the valve and piston is a valve tube orpipe E, having a bore a portion of its length and provided with a head eat its top. This tube is free to slide longitudinallyin the valve withincertain limits (fixed in Fig. 1, 2, and 3) by the construction andmovements of plunger C-that is, when the plunger O rises to itsextremity it catches the head e of the tube, as seen in Fig. 3, andcarries said tube to the position seen in said Fig. 3, and when theplunger is down the tube E is pressed down by the head of the plunger G,bearing on the head of the tube E, Fig. 1. Now, in order that thepressure-fluid may find its way beneath piston D, the neck 03 has aseries of openings (2, or one or more at intervals about its center,which admit the fluid to the chamber d in said neck between itsextremities and extending aroundthe tube E. The tube E has correspondingopenings 6, which admit the fluid from chamber 01 to the inside of tubeE, whence it flows intochamber d beneath piston D through said tube. Thepressure-fiuid will continue to flow through d, (1 e, and hollow tube Eto chamber 61 until piston D is forced up as far as it can go, which isthe position seen in Fig. 1.

Then in this position the valve D of=course has moved up and uncoveredopenings a whereby the fluid is enabled to flow into cylinder B, as seenin Fig. 1, and this position of the parts continues until the plunger 0has sufficiently risen to carry the tube E up to the position shown inFig. 3. When this occurs, the plunger 0 has spent its stroke, and thefluid beneath piston D begins to discharge through the tube E andopenings 6', Fig. 2, above valve D, and out through exhaust-port 0. Asthe discharge continues beneath piston D, the said piston and valve Dcontinue to descend, not alone by gravity, but by reason also of thepressure on the greater area of the back of piston D compared with theexposed area of valve D. The discharge from chamber 01 goes on till thechamber is emptied, and meantime the valve D drops down past openings awhich places said openings in free communication with the space abovesaid valve and the exhaust-port a, as seen in Fig. 2. The fluid incylinderB will then escape through the channel thus opened and therespective parts will resume the position from which they start torepeat the operation above described-that is, the

fluid will again flow in through openings d e beneath piston D and causea balanced pressure on either side of piston D, and thereby allow theentire fluid-pressure to act on valve 7 D and force it to its properposition, as seen in Fig. 1, when the channel to cylinder B will bereopened. Thus the operation continues "automatically and repeats itselfindefinitely.

' The same principles of construction and operat-ion reappear in Figs. 5and 6 with certain additions of elements. Here I have valve D andpistons D 'in part with valve D, an

additional fluid-belt a, and an additional exhaust aF, which is from thelower portion of the casing between the two pistons. The fluid pressurein this construction. is taken from the side of the casing through ductsg and g alternately instead of at the top, where in Fig. 1 ducts a areshown for a like purpose, and the fluid is delivered to a cylinderhaving fluid-channels g running to its extremities and communicatingwith the ducts g and g. Apiston H, with a rod I,plays in this cylinder,and pressure is automatically introduced to either end alternately,according to the position of the valve mechanism. Thus it the parts arein starting position the fluid will pass through openings (1 e and thetube E beneath the lower piston, and the valve D will be forced into theposition shown in Fig. 5 This will open the Way for the fluid from theinduction-port a into the chamber between valve D and valveD and thencethrou h 0 enin s a 3 b p D and belt a to the port 9 and above the pistonH. At the same time valve D willbe carried above belt a andopenin gs aso that the fluid beneath piston H may flow out through port g and saidopenings to exhaust a and a. The induction-port a is on the oppositeside of the casing, as seen centrally in Figs. 5 and 6. When the pistonH descends under the pressure thus introduced, it carries its rod I downwith it. The valve-tube E is therefore connected with this rod to get asimilar movement to that obtained in Figs. 1 to 4., and for this purposeI employ a lever K, pivoted toward its lower end to a suitable supportand connected by a link 7a to the top of tube E, while its upper end isslotted and attached to the rod I. Thus when the rod I descends itraises the tube E to the position seen in Fig. 6, which provides anexhaust-channel for the chamber beneath piston D As this exhaust goes onthe valve D and piston D and valve D descend, and when down, as in Fig.6, an open fluid-channel is made to the opposite or lower side of pistonH, as indicated by arrows in said figure. The exhaust now is from theupper portion of cylinder G and all the actions arereversed,substantially as above described with reference to thesingle-acting valve mechanism. i

Any suitable manner of operating the valve-tube E may be adopted, andthe valve mechanism may be employed Wherever it may be foundpracticable.

The operation will readily be understood from the foregoing description,and need not be more fully described.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4 the plunger C ordinarily ismade of such Weight as will assist in the rapid discharge of the fluidfrom beneath it; but in the doubleacting form shown in the other figuresthe counter-pressure of the fluid serves to aid in the discharge, andwith such form a horizontal cylinder G is equally practicable.

The position of the valve mechanism and easing herein described is notmaterial; but the terms top, bottom, and sides are used to facilitatedescription, and not in the sense that the case must always be placed inthe positions shown.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A valve and a piston of different areas having a rigid openconnection and a reciprocating tube extending through said parts, saidtube provided with lateral ports opening into an inner passage extendingto the end of the tube below the piston, said ports and passage in thetube admitting fluid beneath the piston and discharging the sametherefrom, in combination with the casing having ports leading into andout of the same, substantially as described.

2. A valve and piston rigidly connected and an independentlyreciprocating tube fixed fluid-tight upon its outside in said parts andextending through the same, said tube having perforations through itsside to admit fluid beneath the piston and to discharge it behind thevalve, in combination with the main casing having a port to admit fluidbetween the piston and the valve and a discharge-port behind the valve,substantially as described.

3. The main casing having differential chambers and inlet and dischargeports and a connected valve and piston of differential area in saidchamber, in combination with a tube fluid-tight on its outside in saidvalve and piston, having lateral openings adapted to work above andbelow the valve, and open at its lower end, and a device underfluidpressure to move said tube independently of the said valve andpiston, substantially as described.

4. A casing having differential fiuid-cham' bers, with inlet anddischarge ports at its sides and closed at one end, in combination witha piston working in said closed end, a reciprocating tube extendingthrough said piston and having perforations outside of the piston, and achannel communicating therewith to admit fluid behind said piston, and avalve of less area than said piston rigidly con nected wit-h said pistonand packed fluid-tight on said tube, substantially as described.

5. The main casing having chambers of differential diameters, a pistonin the larger chamber, and aIvalve in the smaller chamber having rigidopen connection with the piston, an inlet-port between piston and valve,and an outlet-port behind the valve, in combination with a tubeextending through valve and piston and having side openings and open atone end to admit fluid before the piston and to discharge fluid behindthe valve, and means to operate the tube independently of valve andpiston, substantially as described.

6. In combination, the casing, a pair of valves and a piston rigidlyconnected, and a hollow tube extending through the valves and piston,said several parts provided with suitable fluid-channels, substantiallyas set forth.

V 7. The casing provided with induction and eduction ports and a:doubleset of fluid-belts and duct-s leading from said belts, in combi-:

nation with a pair of valves and-a piston connected together, a hollowindependently-sliding tube extending through .the valves and piston, andopenings for the passage of fluid from the inside of the casing throughsaid tube, substantially as set forth.

8. The casing provided with suitable induction and eduction ports and adouble set of fluid channels or ducts alternately admitting fluid underpressure to a supplemental cylinder and discharging the same, incombination with valves and a piston connected together, and afree-sliding valve-tube extending through said valves and pistons,substantially as set forth.

EDWARD H. WEATHERHEAD.

Witnesses:

I. L. COREY, H. T. FISHER.

